This year, 2025, the China-Bangladesh relationship reaches a significant milestone, celebrating 50 years of diplomatic ties. This enduring partnership, characterized by mutual respect, strategic cooperation, and shared growth, is navigating a complex landscape of challenges and opportunities in light of Bangladesh's recent political developments. The change of government last year introduced a period of uncertainty but also presents an opportunity for both nations to reaffirm their commitment to peace, development, and mutual benefit.
In August 2024, Bangladesh experienced significant political unrest. Sheikh Hasina, a long-term ruler and the once-called iron lady of Bangladeshi politics, resigned amid widespread protests. The upheaval impacts economic ties. As Bangladesh navigates this tumultuous period, the role of international partners like China and India becomes increasingly crucial.
China's role and commitment
Despite the political challenges, China remains a steadfast ally of Bangladesh. China's efforts to support unity and revitalization in the Global South and building a community of open and inclusive cooperation and shared future have been pivotal.Guided by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing made significant strides in reform and modernization in 2024, reinforcing its role in the Global South.
In July 2024, Bangladesh and China elevated their relationship to a Comprehensive Strategic Cooperative Partnership. This development underscores mutual respect for sovereignty and supports Bangladesh's long-term development goals, aligning with the previous government's vision for 2041.
The joint statement in Beijing highlights this partnership's achievements and plans. Building on the strategic partnership established in 2016, both sides agreed to elevate it further, focusing on fostering synergy between development strategies and advancing Belt and Road cooperation.
Strategic cooperation and development initiatives
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) continues to play a crucial role in promoting socio-economic development in Bangladesh. As the first South Asian country to join the BRI, Bangladesh has benefited from various infrastructure projects enhancing connectivity and trade.
Key projects, such as the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Tunnel and the Padma Bridge Rail Link, signify the deepening infrastructure collaboration. China's support for Bangladesh's economic initiatives, such as zero-tariff treatment on 98 percent of taxable items, underscores the economic benefits of this partnership. Both sides are committed to accelerating existing projects and expanding areas of cooperation, including developing economic and industrial parks, oil and gas exploration, and new energy sectors.
Yao Wen, ambassador of China to Bangladesh, has on different occasions envisioned a future where China and Bangladesh continue enhancing collaboration across diverse fields. Both sides have the potential for cultural and academic exchanges to strengthen ties, with nearly 15,000 Bangladeshi students studying in China and building bridges for future cooperation.
As Bangladesh rebuilds its democratic institutions, the partnership with China provides a stable foundation for progress.
Implications for regional stability
Bangladesh's political landscape has significant repercussions for regional stability in South Asia. An unstable Bangladesh poses challenges for its governance and key regional partners, particularly India, a crucial trade ally of Bangladesh.
As Bangladesh grapples with its internal challenges, the potential for strengthened ties with China becomes increasingly vital. China's support can be crucial in promoting stability and fostering sustainable development in Bangladesh, primarily through its Belt and Road Initiative, which aims to enhance regional connectivity and infrastructure development.
For instance, Chinese investments in energy infrastructure can help address the country's power shortages, while transportation projects can enhance connectivity, making it easier for Bangladeshi goods to reach global markets. Moreover, China’s diplomatic efforts in the region emphasize a cooperative approach prioritizing mutual interests. By engaging with Bangladesh in a manner that respects its sovereignty and development needs, China positions itself as a reliable partner, contrasting with the more cautious stance of other regional powers.
China’s focus on infrastructure development through the BRI aims to bolster Bangladesh and contribute to a more interconnected South Asia, enhancing regional trade and economic cooperation. Through investments in roads, bridges, ports, and energy projects, China is fostering economic growth that can stabilize Bangladesh. This strategic engagement benefits Bangladesh and aligns with China’s broader vision of promoting regional stability and prosperity.
A path forward
The future of the China-Bangladesh relationship is intertwined with Bangladesh's journey through political reform and economic recovery. Despite recent challenges, the long-standing friendship between the two nations provides a robust platform for collaboration. As Bangladesh seeks to overcome its current difficulties, the partnership with China offers hope and potential for a prosperous future.
China and Bangladesh can navigate these challenges through continued cooperation, mutual respect, and shared goals, contributing to regional peace and development. As we celebrate 50 years of diplomatic ties, the commitment to a shared future remains stronger than ever, promising positive outcomes for both nations and the region.
This enduring partnership will continue to evolve, enhancing the decades-long economic, cultural, and strategic ties. With a focus on mutual development and regional stability, China and Bangladesh stand poised to achieve great things together in the coming years.
The author is General Secretary of the China Bangladesh Friendship Center and President of the Asian Club Limited.The views do not necessarily reflect those of China Daily.
