This Sept 28, 2017 photo, shows a smartphone being operated in front of GAFA logos (acronym for Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon web giants) as background in Hédé-Bazouges, western France. (DAMIEN MEYER / AFP)

PARIS - The global economy could shed more than 1 percent of output if international talks to rewrite cross-border tax rules break down and trigger a trade war, the OECD said on Monday, after countries agreed to keep up negotiating to mid-2021.

Nearly 140 countries agreed on Friday to extend talks after the pandemic outbreak and US hesitation before the presidential election squashed hopes of reaching a deal this year.

Nearly 140 countries agreed on Friday to extend talks after the pandemic outbreak and US hesitation before the presidential election squashed hopes of reaching a deal this year

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Public pressure is growing on big, profitable multinationals to pay their share under international tax rules after the COVID-19 pandemic strained national budgets, the countries said in an agreed statement.

The aim is update international tax rules for the age of digital commerce, in particular to discourage big Internet companies like Google, Facebook and Amazon from booking profits in low-tax countries like Ireland regardless where their customers are.

In the absence of a new international rulebook, a growing number of governments are planning their own digital services taxes, which has prompted threats of trade retaliation from the Trump administration.

“In the ‘worst-case’ scenario, these disputes could reduce global GDP by more than 1 percent,” the OECD, which has been steering the global tax talks, estimated in an impact assessment.

Inversely, new rules for digital taxation and a proposed global minimum tax would increase global corporate income tax worldwide 1.9 percent to 3.2 percent, or about US$50 billion to US$80 billion per year.

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That could reach $100 billion when including an existing U.S. minimum tax on overseas profits, amounting to 4 percent of global corporate income tax, the OECD said. Meanwhile, any drag on global growth would be no more than 0.1 percent in the long term.

While countries agreed on OECD blueprints for a future deal, the key remaining issue to be solved was the scope of businesses to be covered, which would then make it easier to agree the technical parameters, OECD head of tax Pascal Saint-Amans said.

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