This undated file photo shows the world's largest tunnel boring machine, with a diameter of a six-storey building, that was deployed to excavate the tunnel. (PHOTO / HKSAR GOVT)

HONG KONG - The Tuen Mun-Chek Lap Kok Link (TM-CLKL) Northern Connection will open to traffic on December 27. With the Southern Connection which has been commissioned since 2018, it will form a strategic route connecting the Northwest New Territories with the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Port as well as the Hong Kong International Airport and North Lantau.

The 5.5km Northern Connection comprises a 5km Tuen Mun-Chek Lap Kok Tunnel stretching from Tuen Mun South to the Hong Kong Port.

The TM-CLKL will shorten the travel distance between Tuen Mun South and the airport by around 22km and the journey time by around 20 minutes

It will shorten the travel distance between Tuen Mun South and the airport by around 22km and the journey time by around 20 minutes.

Hong Kong’s longest tunnel

The tunnel is the longest and deepest subsea road tunnel in Hong Kong. Excavating a tunnel with a diameter of a six-storey building was the government’s biggest challenge.

The team used innovative methods and techniques to overcome a number of difficulties when constructing the tunnel.

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Engineer Ken Cheng was assigned to handle the mega project right after he joined the Highways Department.

This undated photo shows Highways Department Engineer Ken Cheng describing the moment he witnessed the tunnel boring machines reaching the southern landfall. (PHOTO / HKSAR GOVT)

“I am honoured to be a part of the construction team. It was a challenge and good opportunity for me as this is the largest project I have ever handled in my career,” he said.

What impressed him the most was being able to use massive tunnel boring machines (TBMs).

This is the first time Hong Kong deployed large-diameter TBMs for tunnel excavation beneath the seabed. One of the TBMs the team deployed was the world’s largest, with a diameter of 17.6m.

Equipped with a rotating steel cutterhead at the front, the machine is designed to pass through different types of soil or rock. It can also excavate under pressurized condition.

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He said as compared to the traditional immersed tube method, the use of TBMs for the subsea tunnel construction greatly reduced the dredging and disposal of around 11 million cu m of marine sediment - an amount equivalent to the size of around 4,900 standard-size swimming pools.

Innovative technique

The adoption of TBMs also saved the need to divert the power cables which are now serving the airport and greatly lessened the impact of construction on the environment.

The tunnel’s deepest section is about 60m below sea level. When boring underneath the seabed, specialist hyperbaric workers had to carry out daily maintenance works and overcome an atmospheric pressure nearly six times greater than that at the surface. 

Nevertheless, workers’ safety had been ensured and the risk of decompression illness greatly lowered, thanks to the provision of special habitats.

This undated photo shows the Tuen Mun-Chek Lap Kok Tunnel which will shorten the travel distance between Tuen Mun South and the airport by around 22km and the journey time by around 20 minutes. (PHOTO / HKSAR GOVT)

Cheng explained that pressurized living chambers were available to accommodate the workers’ 28-day work cycle. Workers were transferred by pressurized shuttles to the excavation chamber to conduct their work and transferred back to the ground surface after working hours. They were also able to eat and rest inside the pressurized living chambers.

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The tunnel is also the first in Hong Kong to include a service gallery underneath its carriageway. The service gallery houses utilities which comprise drainage pipes, the fire services system, power supplies and signal control systems.

Highways Department Senior Engineer Liz Li pointed out that this arrangement allows more flexibility for regular maintenance.

“It enables part of the daily maintenance work of utilities to be carried out at the same time the tunnel is in operation. The tunnel does not need to close even if there are emergency repairs. Hence, it minimizes disruptions to the public," added Li.

Momentous milestone in life

Li has been working for the government for 10 years and said this is the largest project she has ever worked on. She also faced challenges during the process that she described as an unforgettable experience.

“Due to the outbreak of COVID-19 this year, the supply chain of construction materials and the installation had been affected and the number of workers had also been reduced.

This undated photo shows a pressurized living chamber provided to accommodate specialist hyperbaric workers, sparing them from undergoing frequent decompression during their 28-day work cycle. (PHOTO / HKSAR GOVT)

“We had to work closely with the project team to solve the problems, such as sourcing alternative materials in order to minimize the impact on the project," she recalled.

Both Li and Cheng are pleased to see the construction of the tunnel finished and looking forward to celebrating its official opening on December 27.

Cheng is eager to take his family on a tour of the tunnel.

“I feel very proud that I took part in this project as it will bring convenience to the public and benefits to Hong Kong. I believe my kids will be proud of me when they know their father participated in this mega project," he said. 

According to the Transport and Housing Bureau, the use of the tunnel will be free of charge for all travelers, and at the same time, the Hong Kong government will waive the toll for the existing Lantau Link, a roadway linking Lantau Island via Tsing Ma Bridge to Tsing Yi which is junction for other roads leading to the urban areas of Kowloon and the rest of the New Territories.

As the second expressway from HK's urban areas to the airport, the TM-CLKL is expected to relieve the pressure on the North Lantau Highway.

This undated photo shows a service gallery underneath the carriageway, which would allow routine maintenance and repair works of utilities in the Tuen Mun-Chek Lap Kok Tunnel to be easily carried out while the tunnel is in operation. (PHOTO /HKSAR GOVT)