Malaysia's newly appointed Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim (second left) takes the oath of office during his swearing-in ceremony as the country's 10th prime minister at the National Palacein Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Nov 24, 2022. (MOHD RASFAN / POOL / AP)

KUALA LUMPUR - As Malaysia's Anwar Ibrahim prepares on Thursday to take over as prime minister, one of his recent comments serves to sum up the persistence that secured him the job he has eyed for three decades.

"This you need to learn from Anwar Ibrahim - patience, wait a long time, patience," the opposition leader told reporters outside his home a day after Saturday's election led to a hung parliament and a political crisis.

While Anwar's progressive bloc won the most seats in parliament, it did not secure a majority. But the uncertainty ended on Thursday, when Malaysia's king appointed Anwar, 75, to be prime minister.

READ MORE: Malaysia's Anwar becomes new PM, ending decades-long wait

Time and again, the job of prime minister had eluded Anwar, despite getting within striking distance over the years, first as deputy prime minister in the 1990s and later, as official prime minister-in-waiting, in 2018.

Then deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim (left) stands next to Malaysia's prime minister Mahathir Mohamad during the UMNO Annual Meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, June 20, 1998. (VINCENT THIAN / AP)

The most charismatic opposition leader the southeast Asian nation has ever seen, Anwar led tens of thousands of Malaysians in street protests in the 1990s against his mentor-turned-foe Mahathir Mohamad

In between, he spent nearly a decade in jail for sodomy and corruption on charges he says were politically motivated.

The most charismatic opposition leader the southeast Asian nation has ever seen, Anwar led tens of thousands of Malaysians in street protests in the 1990s against his mentor-turned-foe Mahathir Mohamad.

His strained relationship with the veteran leader shaped Anwar's own career, as well as Malaysia's political landscape, for nearly three decades.

Mahathir once called Anwar his friend and protege, and anointed him his successor. But later, amid sodomy charges and disagreements over how to handle the Asian financial crisis, he said Anwar was unfit to lead "because of his character".

The two buried the hatchet briefly in 2018 to oust from power the political alliance they once belonged to - only to fall out again within two years, ending their 22-month-old government and plunging Malaysia into a period of instability.

As opposition leader - both from jail and in parliament - Anwar slowly chipped away at the might of the Barisan Nasional alliance, Malaysia's longest ruling coalition that prioritized the interests of the majority Malays.

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His rallying cry of 'reformasi', or reforms, resonated nationwide, and is still the main promise of his alliance.

That coalition is multi-ethnic and includes a party that has mainly ethnic-Chinese members and one that is unpopular with the conservative Malay majority.

About 70 percent of the population of nearly 33 million consists of ethnic Malays, who are mainly Muslim, and indigenous groups, with ethnic Chinese and Indians account for the rest.

Malaysia's ousted deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim addresses a gathering of supporters prior to his arrest and trial for a variety of corruption and sexual misconduct charges, Sept 20, 1998, at the National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur. (VINCENT THIAN / AP)

For decades, Anwar has called for inclusiveness and an overhaul of the political system in the multi-ethnic country.

He called for the removal of affirmative policies favoring Malays and an end to a patronage system that had kept Barisan firmly in power until recently.

"Always regarded as the man who could unite all warring factions, it is fitting that Anwar emerged during a divisive time," said political analyst James Chai, a visiting fellow at the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute.

Friend & Foe

Anwar started off as a firebrand Islamic youth leader before joining the prime minister Mahathir's United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), which leads the Barisan Nasional alliance.

In 1993, Mahathir made Anwar his deputy, in addition to his role as finance minister. Anwar was expected to take over from Mahathir.

But they fell out after disagreeing over how to handle the Asian financial crisis. By that time, Anwar had also begun to question corruption in the Mahathir-led UMNO.

In 1998, Mahathir fired Anwar and, amid the ensuing protests, launched a crackdown on dissent. Anwar was charged with sodomy, a crime in Malaysia, in a move Anwar said aimed to put an end to his political career.

READ MORE: Once again, Malaysia's Anwar bids to become prime minister

Anwar appeared at his sodomy trial with a black eye, which then became the symbol of the political party he started. Later, the police chief at the time admitted to having assaulted Anwar in prison.

"This man cannot be allowed to become a leader in a country like Malaysia," Mahathir said about Anwar at a press conference in 1998.

Then prime minister Mahathir Mohamad (right) raises the hand of reform icon Anwar Ibrahim during a rally in Port Dickson, Malaysia on Oct 8, 2018. (VINCENT THIAN / AP)

Anwar was freed in 2004, only to be jailed again for sodomy in 2015, two years after leading the opposition to its best electoral performance until then.

A last try?

In an astonishing turn of events, Anwar and Mahathir agreed to work together for the 2018 election, to oust Barisan Nasional amid widespread graft accusations against its leaders.

Barisan's Najib Razak has since been jailed in the multi-billion-dollar scandal at state fund 1MDB.

Opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim speaks during a press conference in Subang, Malaysia, Nov 20, 2022. (VINCENT THIAN / AP)

After their win, Mahathir asked for a royal pardon for Anwar and promised to hand power to him within two years.

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But their coalition collapsed before that, in the face of opposition to the transition, leaving Anwar out in the cold again.

Yet after the stalemate that followed Malaysia's closest election on Saturday, he won out against a conservative Malay Muslim alliance, ironically with the help of the Barisan alliance he spent his career fighting.

Asked in a recent interview if this election would be his last, Anwar told Reuters, "Whether I am considered relevant or not in the next few years, that's for the people to decide."