This photo taken on Dec 9, 2019 shows smoke and flames from a back burn, conducted to secure residential areas from encroaching bushfires, at the Spencer area in Central Coast, some 90-110 kilometers north of Sydney, amid a prolonged drought and the effects of climate change. (PHOTO / AFP)

CANBERRA - Australia's weather bureau said on Tuesday that El Nino indicators had strengthened and the weather event would likely develop between September and November, bringing hotter, drier conditions to Australia.

El Nino can provoke extreme weather phenomena from wildfires to tropical cyclones and prolonged droughts.

The bureau noted that El Nino could last for "an extended period" and typically leads to reduced spring rainfall for the eastern Australia

The World Meteorological Organization said in July the weather pattern had emerged in the tropical Pacific for the first time in seven years, but the Australian Bureau of Meteorology has not yet matched that call.

The bureau said sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific had risen further and the 90-day Southern Oscillation Index, an indicator used to assess El Nino development, now exceeded El Nino thresholds.

It noted that El Nino could last for "an extended period" and typically leads to reduced spring rainfall for eastern Australia.

Lower rainfall is a threat to Australian crops, with dry weather already causing the government this month to downgrade its forecast for winter wheat production by 800,000 metric tons.

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The weather bureau also said a positive Indian Ocean Dipole - the Indian Ocean's equivalent of the Pacific Ocean-based El Nino - had developed and would likely remain through the southern hemisphere spring. That could decrease spring rainfall for central and south-east Australia and increase the drying influence of El Nino, it added.